By Gavin Maguire
The latest data dump from the Energy Institute has landed, and as ever, it's an energy analyst's dream: sprawling, consistent and packed with signals about where the global system is heading.
The 75th edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy doesn't point to a single neat narrative. Instead, the data reveals a system pulling in multiple directions — geographically, technologically and structurally.
Five charts tell that story best.
CHINA: THE ULTIMATE 'ENERGYMAXXER'
The slang term "maxxer" comes from internet culture and means someone or something that is "maximizing" a specific trait to an extreme level.
China seems to have taken the concept to heart, especially when it comes to energy production and the power needed to run its massive economy.
The contrast in energy and electricity output between China and the U.S. — the world's two largest economies — highlights China's preeminence.
China's total energy supply rises from around 100 exajoules in 2010 to roughly 165 exajoules by 2025, while the United States barely moves from the low-90s. That gap alone is striking.
Electricity is where the divergence becomes decisive. China's generation surges past 10,500 terawatt hours — more than double U.S. output, which inches up toward 4,800 TWh.
Takeaway: The center of gravity in global energy — especially power — has already shifted.
DATA CENTERS ARE NOW A FIRST-ORDER DEMAND DRIVER
One of the clearest "new" stories in the dataset is the surge in data center power demand.
North America leads, jumping from roughly 185 TWh in 2020 to nearly 320 TWh by 2025. Asia climbs fast toward 270 TWh, while Europe trails at about 145 TWh.
The growth numbers are even more striking: North America alone adds more than 60 TWh in 2025.
Takeaway: In advanced economies, digital infrastructure is becoming the marginal driver of electricity demand.
BATTERY STORAGE IS SCALING — BUT ASIA DOMINATES
Battery energy storage has moved from niche to system-critical in just a few years.
Global capacity jumps sharply after 2020 to around 300,000 megawatts by 2025. But the geography is lopsided: Asia accounts for the majority of that buildout, installing more than the rest of the world combined.
North America and Europe are expanding quickly, but remain a clear second tier in cumulative capacity.
Takeaway: The tools of the energy transition are scaling — but not evenly distributed.
CLEAN POWER LEADERS AND LAGGARDS
The "clean vs dirty" electricity chart underscores just how uneven progress is across countries.
France sits at the top with roughly 95% clean power coming from its nuclear fleet, with Brazil and Canada not far behind. Much of Europe clusters in the 50% to 80% range.
At the other end, several major systems remain overwhelmingly fossil-fuel based. Saudi Arabia generates only a small fraction of electricity from clean sources, while economies like Indonesia, South Africa and Malaysia also remain heavily carbon-intensive.
Takeaway: There is no single global transition — only very different national ones.
EMISSIONS CUTS AND GROWTH
Finally, emissions data reveals a stark split between who is cutting and who is adding.
The United States stands out as the largest cumulative reducer of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions since 2010, with major declines also across Europe and Japan.
But those gains are more than offset by increases elsewhere.
China dominates emissions growth by a wide margin, with India a distant second and a long tail of emerging economies also adding to the total.
Takeaway: The global emissions story is no longer about whether cuts are happening — but where.
BOTTOM LINE
The Energy Institute's dataset rarely shouts — it accumulates. And what it shows is a system evolving along multiple fault lines:
China pulling further ahead in scale.
North America generating new demand through data centers.
Asia leading the buildout of storage and infrastructure.
Countries diverging sharply on power-sector cleanliness.
Emissions falling in some regions, rising in others.
In other words: the transition is real, and in places it is accelerating. But it is also fragmented, and fragmentation may be the defining feature of global energy for years to come.
The opinions expressed here are those of the , a columnist for Reuters.
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